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Kidney Stone Treatment
June 16, 2025June 16, 2025

Kidney Stone Treatment (2025 Guide): Proven Solutions, Expert Diagnosis & Prevention Tips

Table of Contents

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  • Kidney Stone Treatment
  • What Are Kidney Stones?
    • Types of Kidney Stones
    • Common Symptoms
  • How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?
  • Treatment Options for Kidney Stones
    • Conservative Management (For Small Stones)
    • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
    • Ureteroscopy (URS)
    • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
    • Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)
    • Open or Laparoscopic Surgery (Rare)
  • India and Dubai (2025 estimates)
  • Preventing Kidney Stones
    • Hydration
    • Diet Changes
    • Medication
    • Regular Monitoring
  • When Should You See a Doctor?
  • Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
  • Final Thoughts

Kidney Stone Treatment

Kidney stones are a common and painful urological condition affecting millions worldwide. Fortunately, today’s medical advancements offer a wide range of treatment options tailored to each individual’s condition. Whether you’re dealing with a small stone or a complex case, understanding your options can help you find effective and lasting relief.

In this article, we’ll walk you through kidney stone treatment, from symptoms and diagnosis to cutting-edge procedures and long-term prevention strategies.

What Are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are hard mineral and salt deposits that form inside the kidneys. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and may remain in the kidney or move into the urinary tract, causing intense pain and discomfort.

Types of Kidney Stones

  • Calcium Oxalate – Most common; linked to high oxalate intake
  • Uric Acid – Often associated with high-protein diets
  • Struvite – Linked to urinary tract infections
  • Cystine – Rare, hereditary stones due to a genetic disorder

Common Symptoms

  • Severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Painful urination
  • Blood in urine (hematuria)
  • Frequent urge to urinate

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How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?

Accurate diagnosis is essential for choosing the right treatment. Here’s how healthcare providers typically diagnose kidney stones:

TestPurpose
Physical ExamChecks for signs of tenderness or referred pain
Urine Test (24-hour test)Identifies risk factors and helps detect infections
Blood TestMeasures calcium, uric acid, and kidney function
Imaging (Ultrasound, CT)Locates stones and determines size, location, and obstruction
Stone AnalysisReveals stone composition for personalized prevention

Treatment Options for Kidney Stones

The best treatment depends on the stone’s size, type, and location, as well as your symptoms and overall health. Here are the most common treatment methods:

Conservative Management (For Small Stones)

  • Hydration: Drinking 2–3 liters of water daily can flush out small stones naturally
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter NSAIDs or prescription painkillers may be used
  • Alpha-Blockers: Medications like tamsulosin help relax the ureter and ease stone passage

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

  • Non-invasive procedure
  • Uses high-energy shock waves to break stones into passable fragments
  • Ideal for stones smaller than 2 cm
  • Minimal recovery time

Ureteroscopy (URS)

  • Minimally invasive
  • A thin scope is passed through the urethra and bladder into the ureter
  • Stones are broken up using a laser or removed
  • No incisions required

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

  • Used for large or complex stones
  • A small incision is made in the back to access the kidney
  • A nephroscope removes or breaks the stone
  • Requires anesthesia and short hospital stay

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Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)

  • A flexible ureteroscope is inserted through the urinary tract
  • Uses laser to break up kidney stones
  • Ideal for upper ureter or intrarenal stones

Open or Laparoscopic Surgery (Rare)

  • Reserved for very large stones or structural abnormalities
  • Involves longer recovery time but high success rate

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India and Dubai (2025 estimates)

Treatment TypeIndia (INR)
ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy)₹30,000 – ₹60,000AED 5,000 – AED 10,000
URS (Ureteroscopy)₹40,000 – ₹80,000AED 7,000 – AED 15,000
PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)₹70,000 – ₹1,50,000AED 10,000 – AED 20,000
RIRS (Laser Surgery)₹80,000 – ₹1,60,000AED 12,000 – AED 22,000
Open Surgery₹1,00,000 – ₹2,00,000AED 15,000 – AED 25,000

Preventing Kidney Stones

Once you’ve had a kidney stone, you’re more likely to develop another. Here’s how to prevent recurrence:

Hydration

  • Drink enough water to produce at least 2–2.5 liters of urine per day

Diet Changes

  • Limit sodium and oxalates (spinach, beets, nuts)
  • Reduce animal proteins (especially red meat)
  • Eat more citrate-rich foods (lemons, oranges)

Medication

  • Diuretics or citrate supplements may be prescribed based on stone type
  • Follow your doctor’s advice on calcium intake and vitamin D use

Regular Monitoring

  • Follow-up tests to track kidney function and prevent future stones
  • Stone analysis for personalized recommendations

When Should You See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

  • Persistent or severe pain
  • Blood in urine
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Signs of infection (fever, chills)
  • Recurrent stones

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can kidney stones go away on their own?

Yes, small stones (under 5mm) can often pass naturally with hydration and pain management.

How long does it take to pass a kidney stone?

It can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks, depending on the size and location of the stone.

Is surgery always required?

No. Many stones are treated non-surgically. Surgery is only considered for large, stubborn, or symptomatic stones.

What are the best drinks for kidney stones?

Water, lemon juice (citrate), and coconut water are helpful. Avoid sugary sodas and high-oxalate drinks like tea.

Can diet alone prevent kidney stones?

Diet plays a big role, but genetics and other health conditions also influence stone formation.

Final Thoughts

Kidney stone treatment has evolved significantly, with highly effective options ranging from conservative care to advanced minimally invasive surgeries. The key lies in timely diagnosis, proper treatment planning, and preventive strategies to avoid recurrence.

If you’re experiencing symptoms or have a history of kidney stones, consult a certified urologist or nephrologist for a personalized care plan.

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